​This piece of research was commissioned by the GDC. It considers and compares CPD approaches undertaken by eight UK based regulators or professional associations (including the GDC), and five non-UK dental regulators, including in New Zealand, USA, and Canada.  It also reviews relevant literature in this area.  The report provides interesting insights into how audit can be used to monitor, affect or incentivise/improve compliance with mandatory CPD requirements, to continue to develop an effective and potentially dynamic approach in this area.